effluent treatment plant (etp)
What is an ETP?
1. ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a process design for treating the industrial waste water for its reuse or safe disposal to the environment.
2. Influent: Untreated industrial waste water.
3. Effluent: Treated industrial waste water.
4. Sludge: Solid part separated from waste water by ETP.
Design of ETP
The design and size of the ETP depends upon:
1. Quantity and quality of the industries discharge effluent.
2. Land availability.
3. Monetary considerations for construction, operation & maintenance.
Area dimension depends on:
1. Quality of wastewater to be treated,
2. Flow rate.
3. Type of biological treatment to be used .
ETP Plant Operation
Screen chamber:
1. Remove relatively large solids to avoid abrasion of mechanical equipments and
clogging of hydraulic system.
Collection tank:
1. The collection tank collects the effluent water from the screening chamber,
stores and then pumps it to the equalization tank.
Equalization tank:
1. The effluents do not have similar concentrations at all the time; the pH will vary
time to time.
2. Effluents are stored from 8 to 12 hours in the equalization tank resulting in a
homogenous mixing of effluents and helping in neutralization
3. It eliminates shock loading on the subsequent treatment system.
4. Continuous mixing also eliminates settling of solids within the equalization tank.
5. Reduces SS, TSS.
Choosing an Effluent Treatment Plant
So far this booklet has presented some of the possible components of an ETP for treating industrial waste, especially from the textile industry. Every factory that is having an ETP designed and constructed must decide which components are needed to treat the waste from that particular factory. This decision must be based on the answers to the questions presented in Chapter 2, such as the quality and quantity of the wastewater to be treated.
This chapter provides suggestions of how such an ETP may be designed and discusses the advantages and disadvantages. Three models are used for this, a purely biological ETP, a physico-chemical ETP and an ETP that combines all three. This chapter does not prescribe one particular design and there are many other ways of combining the operations and processes described in Chapter 3 that
would also be highly effective.
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